Political-3

Today we continue our talk on political as part of environmental aspects. Nevertheless, technological changes have reduced the dependence on muscle power in manual jobs, and manual labour in clerical and other white collar occupations. The advent of modern technology has rendered work on the shop-floor and the office more alike. Job content and methods of production are changing.

 

Modifications occur in the size and composition of work groups. The network of social relations among employees is also affected. Secular shifts in consumption patterns and technological developments have displaced artisans such as weavers, potters, fishermen, washermen, etc. Technical training institutions began to impart training in skills such as carpentry and weaving which once used to be the exclusive domain of people belonging to certain castes.

 

In retrospect, these changes had the following effects on the individuals: the link between caste and occupation was broken, the skill of artisans which was more personal and manual was replaced with the skill of technicians which is more impersonal and mechanical; job performance depended more on dexterity in handling machines than exercising one’s skill or craft and thus individual’s pride in his contribution to final output, for which Indian artisans were renowned was reduced.

Political-2

As a part of our talk on management still today we have discussed on so many important factors of the management like Concept of Human resources management, Human resources development, HRD mechanism, HRD planning, career planning, Organizational development, Quality management, HRD system, etc… Today we continue our discussion on one important environment aspects as political and we have already started our talk on this in previous post.  While legislation did play a positive role in bringing about desired changes in the direction of social and natural justice, it has also made employers and employees themselves legalistic. Over 1.5 lakh labor disputes are pending in courts.

 

In the organized manufacturing sector alone, over 3,000 man days per every 1000 persons employed are lost every year in the industrial disputes where both the parties seek to assert their respective rights. Litigation has grown due to increase in number of disputes and delays in adjudication.

 

Technological imperatives are limiting the options available. However, more number of jobs are lost due to sickness than due to modernization and automation. Delays in absorption, failure in adaptation, absence of economies of scale, high costs and cost-push tendencies due to the nature of competition have restrained the positive features of technology.

 

blinds, roller shades, woven wood shades

Political-1

Political independence and democratic forces have raised the expectations of our people. Compared to most other developing countries in Asia and Africa, the democratic institutions in India are more developed, strong and active. There is an increasing demand from our people for a greater degree of involvement and participations in matters that concern and affect them.

 

Government intervention to regulate employment relationship and organizational performance has been on the increase in pursuit of the ideals enshrined in our Constitution and the objectives of Five-year Plans.

 

We have had much progressive legislation since independence to regulate working conditions and employment relations, abolish bonded labor, check contract labour, ensure equal pay for equal work, guarantee minimum wages, provide social security, etc. We also some stringent legislations like Essential Services Maintenance Act (ESMA) and Maintenance of Internal Security Act (MISA), which trade unions and civil liberty organizations abhor.

 

Employers and unions are critical about much of the legislative framework because it does not enable them to function the way they want to, but seeks to control. Non-compliance of legislation is fairly widespread because ‘state ways’ alone cannot change ‘folkways’; besides, weaknesses in administering the laws and loopholes in the provisions have aggravated the situation.